notes class 10 cbse class 10 physics chapter 1 electricity

notes chapter 1 electricity 

electricity- electricity is the important source of energy since it is used in tranportation industries and at our homes too

types of electric charges-

1. positive charge- ++

2. negative charge- --

1. opposite charge or unlike charge attract each other

2. similar charge or like charge repel each other

SI unit of electric charge is coulomb

conductors-  those substance through which electricity can flow are called conductors.

ex-  metals like silver,copper,aluminium

insulators-  those substances through electricity cannot flow are called insulator

ex- plastics,rubber,paperetc.

electric potential-  electric potential at a point in electric field is defined as a moving a electric charge from one point to another

potential difference- potential difference is a state of system when one part of system keep at high potential and other part keep at low potential

p.d=  work/charge

v=w/q

SI unit of potential difference is volt

1volt= 1 joule/1coulomb

p.d is measured by instrument voltmeter

p.d= work/charge

v= w/q

current- SI unit of electric current is ampere

I=Q/T

current is measured by instrument ammeter

ohm's law- at constant temperature the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends

v= I*R

v/i=r

resistance-  it is the property of conductor to oppose electric current .

R= V/I

factor affecting resistance- 

1. length of conductor

2. area of cross section

3. nature of conductor  

4. temperature of conductor